![]() ![]() Mutarotation involves the mechanism of ring-chain tautomerism. The two different cyclic hemiacetal forms of sugars establish a state of equilibrium with the linear form. For mutarotation to occur, a compound must have a free-anomeric carbon.īut in sucrose, both the anomeric carbons are involved in the formation of glycosidic linkage, because of that, they don’t exhibit the phenomenon of mutarotation. The condensation reaction involves the anomeric carbons of glucose and fructose that lead to the formation of an O-glycosidic bond between the two molecules. Sucrose is formed by a condensation reaction between a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule. ![]() To understand the concept of mutarotation in non-reducing sugars, let’s take the example of sucrose. This is also the reason why they are not oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent or do not possess reducing power. Examples include sucrose and trehalose. Non-reducing sugars don’t have any free aldehyde or ketone groups. Diastereomers: Two isomers that are neither superimposable nor mirror images of each other.Enantiomers: Two isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.Stereoisomers: Two isomers having the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements of the groups are called stereoisomers and the phenomenon is known as stereoisomerism. These are classified into two groups:.Structural (constitutional) isomers: Two isomers having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of functional groups.Therefore, one must understand different terms related to isomers. Isomers: Two molecules having the same molecular formula but different chemical properties. The concept of mutarotation is related to the arrangement of functional groups around carbons.This carbon is essential to observe the phenomenon of mutarotation in compounds. Chiral carbon: A carbon atom containing four different atoms or groups attached to it (showing asymmetry) is known as chiral carbon.So, it’s become essential to learn about these different arrangements and assigned terms to avoid any confusion. The different arrangements of functional groups of carbohydrate molecules cause a shift in its many properties including mutarotation. This article covers the journey of discoveries of different aspects of mutarotation, its definition, and some examples of molecules exhibiting mutarotations.īut, before moving to the concept of mutarotation, one must understand the physical properties of carbohydrates including isomers, as the phenomenon of mutarotation is completely related to the structures of molecules.Ĭarbohydrates exist in both linear and cyclic structural forms. The cyclic structure is produced as a result of an intermolecular reaction between the carbonyl group and the hydroxyl group. Though it’s been more than 150 years since the discovery of this phenomenon, it’s still an ongoing research area in many labs. One such property also includes mutarotation. While polysaccharides are involved in building the cell wall structure of plants and bacteria.ĭespite the in-depth understanding of the functions of carbohydrates and intensive studies of their properties, there are still many uncovered territories in carbohydrates studies. Ribose and deoxyribose are essential entities in the structural formulation of the genetic material of the living organism. Glucose and fructose are the main sources of energy supplied to the body. ![]() They are a vital part of people’s healthy diet and perform functions essential to life. The phenomenon of mutarotation was discovered in 1846 while a scientist was learning about the properties of glucose, a carbohydrate.Ĭarbohydrates are the most abundant biological molecule on Earth. Balances, Scales and Weighing Equipment.
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